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DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY.

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DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY. No. 433.082. Patented July 29, 1890.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.' P. W. JONES.

4 DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY. No. 433,082. Patented July 29, 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS XV. JONES, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y.

DYNAMO-TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 433,082, dated July 29,1890.

Application filed June 11,1889. Serial No. 313,918. (No model.)

To aZZ whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS W. JONES, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inDynamo-Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to arrangements of circuits and apparatus at atelegraph-office, and is of utility especially in those cases where thelocal and branch or loop circuits leading to branch offices are suppliedwith current from dynamo-machines.

The object of my invention is to provide a means whereby branch linesmay be readily connected to local circuits, or local circuits may beinterconnected, and the potential of the source feeding the lines may beautomatically adjusted to the varied conditions occurring with thevarious connections.

The object of my invention is also to avoid the danger of damage toapparatus in local circuits from heavy currents passing from main linesto earth at the telegraph-station.

My invention consists in the combination, with a spring-jack of anyusual construction, of asupplemental or auxiliary switch actuated by thewedge of the spring-jack and hating contacts of different potentialadapted, respectively, to the resistance of the normal local circuit andto the added resistance of the branch or loop line to be connected tothe local, whereby on insertion of the wedge the switch may beautomaticallychanged to connect the circuit to a source of diiferentpotential, as will be hereinafter set forth.

Myinvention consists, further, in the combination,broadly, withanyspring-jack, of an electric switch actuated by the spring-jack wedgeand electric apparatus of any description in a connection between theswitch and jack and in a circuit formed normally through the switch andspring-jack, wherebyon insertion of the spring-jack the connections ofsuch circuit at the switch shall be automatically and simultaneouslychanged for any purpose.

My invention consists, also, in the particular combinations of apparatusand circuits, hereinafter described in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, and then claimed.

In the accom panyin g drawings, Figure l is a general diagram ofcircuits and apparatus embodying my invention. Figs.2and 3 illustratethe condition of parts of the apparatus when a local circuit isconnected to a branch or loop circuit. Fig. etis a diagram illustrat ingthe connection of local circuits of a duplex or quadruplex telegraphapparatus for the purpose of repeating from one line to another. Fig. 5illustrates two sets of quadruplex telegraphs connected so that one linemay repeat to the other, and shows, also, a branch-office line connectedat the same time into the local circuits, so as to form in eltectextensions of the sending and receiving 10- cals. Fig. 6 illustrates amodification in the manner of securing a difference of potential at thecontacts of the switch connected to the local circuit. Figs. 7 and 8show, in side elevation and plan, respectively, modifications in themechanical construction of the spring jack. Figs. 9 and 10 show, in sideelevation and plan, respectively, another modification. Fig. 11 shows afurther modification in the manner of controlling the circuits of aresistance to secure difference of potential at the switch connected tothe local circuit. Fig. 12 illustrates, in side elevation, a furthermechanical variation in the construction of the spring-jack. Fig. 13illustrates a modification in the spring-jack plug or wedge and thecircuit connect-ed thereto. Fig. 14 is a vertical section through one ofthe artificial resistance-tubes.

A and B indicate the local apparatus in the local sending and receivingcircuits of two sets of duplex or quadruplex apparatus. Eachset may beeither that for the number one or number two side of a quadruplextelegraph. the relays and transmitters 011 such sets are omitted for thesake of clearness.

In each set A B, R I indicates a relay; S, a sounder; T, theelectro-magnet which operates the lever of a transmitter controlling themain-line current, and K a key in the local circuit with theelectro-magnet of the transmitter T. The local containing theinstruments S R is the receiving local, and thelocal containing theinstruments '1 K is the sending local, of each set. The circuit for eachsending or transmitting local is completed on The main lines andconnections with one side through the contact-jaws a b of a spring-jackof any usual or suitable construction, a being the fixed jaw to whichone end of the local circuit is connected to earth, and b the movablejaw which is connected to earth or to a return-circuit. The otherterminal of each local circuit connects with a switch 0, adapted to beoperated by the insertion of a wedge between the jaws of thespring-jack.

The switch C may be of any desired construction, its purpose beingsimply to change the potential of the current supplied to the localcircuit passing through the spring-jack jaws, or,' in case a wedge isinserted, tolsuch circuit passing through the conductor con nected tothe wedge. A simple form of switch consists simply of a spring mountedon the spring-jack lever, but insulated therefrom and adapted to playbetween two contactstops 0 cl, which I propose to make of differentpotential by connecting them to dynamo sources of differentelectro-motive forces. As will be presently described this difference ofpotential may be secured by cutting out or in artificial resistances.The normal contact, as c, of each switch 0 connects through anartificial resistance R the purpose of which is te reduce the currentsupplied to the local circuit, so that the amount of current shall be,say, two-tenths of an ampere, more orless, as

' desired, but shall in any case be not so great as to injuriously heatthe apparatus. Each resistance R to which a contact 0 is connected, isconnected at its opposite terminal to a bar or conductor D, securedbeneath a suitable board and in turn connected directly or indirectlywith one of a bank of dynamos F. In the presentinstance I haveillustrated this connection as being made throughone of a series of mainconductors G, which in this case are supposed to connect a station atwhich the dynamos F are located with the office at which the telegraphapparatus is located. The wires shown connecting the bars D with theconductors G are in this case simple leader-wires. The opposite contacts(Z of the switches 0 connect to the bars G2 of a switch board. Oppositeeach bar G2 are placed a number of conductorblocks g, adapted to beconnected to bars G by the insertion of plugs. The lower blocks gof theseveral switch-bars G2 are shown so connected. The blocks g areconnected through resistances R with'the dynamos or with conductorsG,.which derive current from such dynamos. The various dynamos of thebank F are preferably of different potential, as indicated by theletters 48 24: 12 6" 2 the figures indicating the number of voltspotential of each.

The resistances R in the several circuits are of different value,depending upon the volts potential of the machine in whose circuit theyare placed, the design being in any case to cut down the current to theparticu lar requirements of each of the several circuits connected tothe same dynamo. By means of the switch-board described the higherpotential dynamos may be changed to any spring-jack by suitable blocks.Thus, for instance, while the two-volt machine regularly supplies thenormal points of the switches O to work the locals when each has itscircuit completed independently of the others or of branch circuits, theother point of the switch C may be connected, by means of theswitch-bars and pegs, to either of the dynamos of greater potential,according to the current required for the particular branch wire to beconnected.

S R indicate respectively the sounder and the relay of a single Morsewire. The sounder and the relay contacts are in a local-circuitconductor from one of the resistances in the connection to the'[WO-S'Oli] machine, and the connection is made, as shown, from theresistance through the sounder to the front contact of the relay. Therelay-lever itself is connected directly to earth or to a return-wire.The purpose of this is to provide for the case of an accidentalconnection between the core of a relay and the main line helix, and asimultaneous connection of the armaturelever with the core, asfrequently happens by adjustment of the core against the armature. Inthis condition, if a heavy current should pass over the main line andthrough the heli xas, for instance, acurrent of lightningsuch currentwould pass directly to earth by way of the core and armature insteadof'passing over the local circuit and through the local dynamos toearth, as it might do if the order of connections were reversed and therelay-armature were connected to such local dynamo while its front stopwere connected to earth. H H are bars of spring-jack wedges connected bya flexible co1;d. Each wedge is provided with a live or conducting and adead or insulating length at the ends which are adapted to be insertedbetween the jaws of the spring-jack.

I indicates abran ch ofiice, from which wires 10 and 11 lead to the mainoffice, said wires terminating, respectively, in other spring-jackwedges H H similar to those just mentioned and adapted for insertion inthejaws of each spring-jack. The wire 10 includes at the branch officean ordinary sounder, and is the wire for the receiving side of a duplexor quadruplex telegraph. The wire 11, including at the branch office akey and sounder, is the wire for the sending side, and is adapted, bymeans of its plug H to be connected at pleasure to the localsending-circuit of a duplex or quadruplex, so that said sending-wirewill form in effect an extension of the local circuit, including theinstruments K T. Under such conditions of connection it will ofcourse beunderstood that the local circuit is closed by the operator whomanipulates the key K. The means for so closing it is the ordinaryswitch connected with each key.

WVith the set E, I have shown other switches L L The switch Lis anordinary two-point switch interposed between one side of the 10- calcircuit and the switch O, and forming in effect a switch by which thelocal circuit may be grounded and at the same time disconnected from theswitch 0 and the dynamo. The switch L is a switch in the ground orreturn connection from the movable jaw of the spiingjack. Its office isto open such connections under conditions to be presently described. Themovable spring-jack jaw connects also, as shown,with a point of theswitch L, such connection being in fact that which puts the switch L inconnection with the ground through switch L By the connections of theswitch C (indicated in Fig. l and alreadydescribed) itis obvious thatthrough point e the local circuit passing through the spring-jack may bein connection with a dynamo source of one potential, and through theeontact-point (Z of said switch it may be put in connection with adynamo of different potential-as, for instance, the six-volt machine-or,by properly changing the connections on the switch-board, may, through ablock g near the strip G be placed in connection with a source of evenhigher potential, according to the length and resistance of the branchcircuit leading to the branch office, or according to the length andresistance of any other circuit which is to be made a continuation ofthe local circuit normally passing through the jaws of the spring-jack.

In the normal condition of the several spring-jack switches it will beseen that each dynamo-circuit passing through a switch G is completedthrough the local circuit and the jaws of a spring-jack to earth. Inorder to connect a branch oflice to the local circuits of a duplex orquadruplex set so that such branch oflice shall receive a message and beable to transmit a message in the same way as the main office, it isonly necessary to insert the plug ll ll of the wires 10 11 into thespring-jack jaws of either set A or B, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3.

In Fig. 2 the branch ofiice is shown connected to set A. In this casethe insertion of the wedges operates the switches C, thus changing theconnection of the local circuit to a dynamo of higher potential adaptedto the increased resistance introduced by the connection of the branchline. The circuit of the six-voltdynamois now in eaehinstanee throughthe contact-stop (Z, switch 0, sounder and relay contacts, and block aof the springjack to the conducting side of the spring-jack wedge, andthence by the branch or local office wire to earth. The conducting sideof each wedge breaks the direct connection to earth for the localcircuit. If the connection of the branch oflice is to be made with a setB, having the switches L L such switches are left in their normalposition, and the condition of the circuits and apparatus is asindicated in Fig. 3. If it is desired to connect two sets of duplex orquadruplex telegraphs so that the message received from one point may beretransmitted automatically to another through the sets of duplex orquadruplex connected, the spring-jack blocks 11 H are inserted in theseveral spring-jacks in the manner indicated in Fig. 4, and the switchesL, of one set are changed so as to place one side of the local circuitsof such set into di rect connection with the earth or return-wire,instead of leaving them in connection with their dynamo-machines andwith the substitute dynamo, which is placed in connection with the localcircuit by the action of the wedge H The circuits of the two sets underthese conditions may be readily traced as follows: Thetransmitting-local for setAis connected with a six-volt dynamoand thecircuit passes by wedge H, inserted into the springjack for such localto the spring-jack H of the receiving-local for set 13, thence to theswitch L of such set, and to earth. The additional potential'of thesix-volt dynamo substituted by the insertion of the wedge II nowsupplies the local of increased resistance, consisting of. the twolocals and the connectingwires. In the same manner the receivinglocal ofthe set A forms circuit through the transmitting-local of the set B,directly to earth. By this arrangement one set may repeat to another.

If it be desired that the condition of Fig. 4 be maintained and that atthe same time the branch otfice may receive the message repeated fromone set to the other, the wedges H II of the branch-oflice lines areinserted in addition, after the manner indicated in Fig. 5, and theswitches L are turned to break the ground connection from thespring-jack lever. The switches L are maintained in the position shownas forminga connection from thespringjack lever to the local circuit. Ifit be supposed that the sets A B are at an oflice-say, New York-and thatset A is connected to Philadelphia while set E is connected to Bos ton,then with the wedges H 11 inserted as shown the branch oflice willreceive the message repeated from Boston to Philadelphia through thelocal apparatus. The circuit 'for the sending side of the branch ofiicewill then bestarting from the signal side of the ofiice Afrom asix-volt, dynamo through the receiving-local of set A by way of theconnected wedges to the transmitting-local of the set B, to switch L, tothe spring-jack lever, to the conducting side of wedge H and to andthrough the branch office. The re ceiving side will be in the localcircuit formed through the sending side of set A and the receiving sideof set 13 in a similar way, the branch line forming the receiving sidebeing made in effect an extension of the connected locals of A and Bthrough the contact of the conducting side of the wedge H with thespring-jack jaw, a condition made possible by the turning of the switchL to break the direct ground connection from one side of the leverthrough the switch L, and it exists in the arrangement shown in Fig. 4.

The adjustment of potential, secured automatically by the operation ofthe switch 0 when the wedge is inserted, might be obtained with thearrangement shown in Fig. 6, where the two points of the switch areconnected with the same dynamo, but through paths of differentresistance, the point 0 being connected through an artificial resistanceR of some considerable amount, and'point d being connected directly withthe dynamo. In the condition shown it is obvious that the potential atthe point 0, when the local circuit is completed directly through thespring-jackjaws, is less than it is when the branch circuit is connectedas an extension of said local and the switch is at the same time turnedto the point (I, which, being connected directly to the dynamo, is ofgreater potential. It is obvious also that the same effect might beobtained by simply shunting out resistance after the manner indicated inFig. 11, the point 01 being connected to the dynamo independently of theresistance R which latter is constantly in circuit, but is shunted whenthe wedge is inserted.

Other mechanical constructions of springjack and switch might beused-as, for instance, such as that indicated in Fig. 12,where theswitch C is a spring placed in position to be engaged by the wedgedirectly and to have a contact carried by said spring 0 forced overagainst a contact d, by means of which the resistance is shunted.

Another mechanical construction adapted to the purpose is indicated inFigs. 7 and 8, where the switch-lever O is aseparate lever of insulatingmaterial pivoted beside the springjack lever and adapted to be engagedby the wedge on insertion for operating the springjack, or such switch 0might consist of a spring carried directly by the spring-jack lever onthe side thereof, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, andadapted to play betweenthe two contactstops 0 d, which in this instance would be reversed inposition from the position indicated in Fig. 1.

While my construction of spring-jack and switch and connections of thesame are es- I pecially useful in those cases where telegraph apparatusis. included in the circuit formed through the switch and spring-jack, Ido not limit myself to such use of the same, but design to include anyapparatus placed in the said connection and employed under conditionswhere it is desirable to include the same at pleasure in connection withanother circuit of added or difierent resistance or requirements.

A convenient way of mounting the artificial resistance R is shown inFig. 14. The resistance-wire may be made of German sil- Ver and isdouble wound, as indicated, to remove self-induction. It is wound upon atube of tin open at the top and having ventilating-openings near itsbottom, as indicated at t, which permit the ingress of air andcirculation of the same to the interior of the ing-post Q may beattached at pleasure the leading-wires, which are carried to theswitchboard. The bindingpost P is in direct electrical connectionthrough the board with the conductor D,which extends beneath the sameand to which the binding-post of the other resistances upon the sameboard are simultaneously connected.

What I claim as my invention is 1. In an electric switch, thecombination, with the spring-jack, of a supplemental switch connected tothe normally-open contact-point and arranged, upon insertion of thewedge, to place in circuit generators of varying potential, and one ormore wedges, to which are connected loops, relaying-circuits, and branchcircuits, arranged to automatically cut out grounds and extend thecircuit, all substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a spring-jack, of a supplemental switch deviceactuated by the spring-jack wedge and having two contacts of diiferentpotential, as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, with a spring-jack, of a supplemental switchactuated by the springjack wedge and sources of electricity of differentelectro-mot-ive force connected to different contacts of said switch.

4. In an electric switch, the combination, with a spring-jack, ofresistances electrically connected in circuit between said jack and thegenerator while said jack is in a normal condition,and a wedge arrangedto insert additional circuits and at the same time cause saidspring-jack to close on a contact-point connected directly to thegenerator, thus antomatically cutting out said resistances,substantially as shown and described.

5. In a dynamo-telegraph system, the combination, with local receivingand transmitting circuits containing, respectively, relaymagnets and theactuating-magnets for transmitters, of spring-jacks, through the jaws ofwhich the said local circuits are normally completed, and pairs ofspring-jack wedges electrically connected by a flexible conductor andhaving each live and dead sides opposite one another, as and for thepurpose described.

6. The combination, substantially as described, of local receiving andtransmitting circuits, of spring-jacks through which said circuits arenormally completed, two-point electric switches actuated by thespring-jack wedges, generators of difierent potential connected toopposite points of the switches, and flexible conductors connecting thepairs of the spring-jack wedges.

7. The combination, with a local circuit and spring-j ack through thecontact-j aws of which said local is normally completed, of asupplemental switch actuated by the spring-jack Wedge and havingopposite insulated contacts, generators of different potential connectedrespectively to said contacts, and a branch or separate office-circuithaving connection to the spring-jack wedge, as and for the purposedescribed.

8. In an electric switch, the combination, with the spring-jack, of anauxiliary switch,

connections from said switch to the springjack contacts and one or morewedges, all arranged to automatically change the potential of currentand to change from ground to one or more extended circuits by theinsertion of a wedge or Wedges, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination, with a spring-jack, of an auxiliary two-point switchmechanically connected to a movable jaw of the jack, generators ofdifferent potential connected respectively to the switch-points, and anelectrical connection from the switch to a contact of the jackcontaining translating devices, as and for the purpose described.

10. The combination,with a spring-jack and apparatus in a circuitnormally completed through contact-jaws of the spring-jack, of asupplemental switch actuated by the springjaclc Wedge, and connected tothe circuit through the spring-jack, and a branch or separateoffice-circuit connected to a wedge of the springjack, as and for thepurpose de.- scribed.

11. The combination, with two spring-jacks normally completing thecircuits of different sets of apparatus, of a grounding-switchinterposed between one side of the apparatus and a generator which findscircuit normally through the apparatus and the normally-closedspring-jack contacts.

12. In an electric switching apparatus, the combination of a spring-jacknormally connected to one potential,a normally-open c011- tact-pointconnected to a switch carrying generators of varying potential, and awedge connected to branch circuits arranged to automatically change therelations of the circuits, with circuit making and breaking switches'Land L placed in the local circuit, substantially as shown and described.

13. The combination, with the spring-jack, of a circuit making andbreaking switch in the connection from a contact of the jack to thercturn'circuit, and connections from said contact to a switch in thecircuit leading through the translating devices to the opposite contactof the spring-jack, as and for the purpose described.

14. The combination, with the grounded line containing arelay-instrument, of the local circuit also grounded and having itsdynamo and receiving apparatus connected to the front steps of therelay, the relay-lever itself being connected directly to ground, as andfor the purpose described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 6th day of June, A. D. 1889.

FRANCIS W. JONES.

itnesses:

WM. 11. CAPEL, THos. F. CONREY.

